I have what I suspect to be the same issue with v5.28 on Debian Bookworm.
failed to bind port 0.0.0.0:63790/tcp: fork/exec /usr/bin/rootlesskit-docker-proxy: no such file or directory
While having this issue, the executable is missing from the package even though apt-file reports it:
% apt-file search /usr/bin/rootlesskit-docker-proxy
docker-ce-rootless-extras: /usr/bin/rootlesskit-docker-proxy
rootlesskit: /usr/bin/rootlesskit-docker-proxy
% sudo apt install docker-ce-rootless-extras
docker-ce-rootless-extras is already the newest version (5:28.0.0-1~debian.12~bookworm).
% dpkg -L docker-ce-rootless-extras
/.
/usr
/usr/bin
/usr/bin/dockerd-rootless-setuptool.sh
/usr/bin/dockerd-rootless.sh
/usr/bin/rootlesskit
/usr/share
/usr/share/doc
/usr/share/doc/docker-ce-rootless-extras
/usr/share/doc/docker-ce-rootless-extras/changelog.Debian.gz
Used this command to resolve my issue:
VER="5:27.5.1-1~debian.12~bookworm"; sudo apt install docker-ce-cli=${VER} docker-buildx-plugin=${VER} docker-ce=${VER} docker-ce-rootless-extras=${VER}
Notably I did not downgrade docker-compose.
After downgrading, the package does contain the executable:
% dpkg -L docker-ce-rootless-extras
/.
/usr
/usr/bin
/usr/bin/dockerd-rootless-setuptool.sh
/usr/bin/dockerd-rootless.sh
/usr/bin/rootlesskit
/usr/bin/rootlesskit-docker-proxy
/usr/share
/usr/share/doc
/usr/share/doc/docker-ce-rootless-extras
/usr/share/doc/docker-ce-rootless-extras/changelog.Debian.gz