Same problem here, but I’ve got it working with Docker desktop 4.17 onyl disabling Windows 11 proxy auto detection.
Thanks google for this thread ! We’ve been struggling with this issue on a brand new developer laptop. The same code would be fast on my laptop, but not on that new laptop. The code was doing a file_get_contents on a remote resource.
Deactivating proxy detection completely solved the issue.
Hi again guys, I just wanted to let you know that I upgraded to Docker Desktop 4.18.0 about 2 weeks ago, and I have not experienced any problems with file_get_contents() timing out ever since. So far so good! It could be worth it to test it for yourself, but your mileage may vary. 
My proxy auto-detection setting in Windows 11 is still set to Off, FYI.