You need a -p option to expose some port to the host system, or you’ll be unable to reach it. Redirecting… has a reasonable example of this.
The Docker-internal IP addresses are pretty useless. On a Mac they’re impossible to reach, in either the “native” Docker for Mac or the VirtualBox-based Docker Machine/Docker Toolkit setup. Even when trying to communicate between containers, you should set up a private Docker network, in which case they can find each other by an internal DNS system.
(In my experience you rarely need to run docker inspect at all, and the most useful bit of information I tend to find that way is whether a container was started with the set of environment variables I expect.)