I was having this issue. Turns out if you have disabled Docker Desktop Launcher you can no longer make use of the UI.
Switch this back on under Settings → Apps → Startup and reboot.
I checked now. Mine is disabled and I have no problem with the Docker Desktop GUI. That flag should only affect whether Docker Desktop starts automatically when you log in to Windows. This is what can be changed from Docker Desktop as well. DD just changes the same setting. I think I installed Docker Desktop from the release page, but it is also available from Microsoft Store. How did you install it?
This one worked for me
-
Stop WSL
wsl --shutdown -
Delete Docker WSL distros (safe, Docker recreates them)
wsl --unregister docker-desktop
wsl --unregister docker-desktop-data -
Start Docker Desktop again
It will recreate fresh WSL instances.
Faced same issues .. tried all of the above solution but nothing worked for mee .
I’m seeing a similar issue and I notice that the docker-desktop-data image is gone from wsl --list
its there before I try to start docker desktop after rebooting.
have you found any solution? I am also sill facing same for a long time.
have you created a diagnostic-id in Docker Desktop and reported the issue?
I do run Docker Desktop on 3 different machines (2x Windows, 1x Mac) for years and can’t say that I experienced this problem once. Occasionally the WSL integration breaks on Windows, which works again once the host is rebooted.
Though, I know that some users have a problem when trying to install Docker Desktop where the installer just shows a blank page, and even if the manage to install Docker Desktop using cli args, then the Docker Desktop UI remains blank. This issue is known and worked on - it was first reported in 4.60 if I remember correctly, which was released in February this year.
Before that we had installation problems on Docker Desktop for Windows that seem to be caused by a broken WSL installation. If - without Docker Desktop in the picture - WSL1 or WSL2 (preferred) distributions work, so will Docker Desktop. There are multiple reasons why WSL could be broken, as such there is no one-size-fits all solution to fix individual WSL problems for everyone.
And then there is the “issue” that some people don’t notice that once they close the ui, the docker icon is still in the notification area and try to start Docker Desktop over and over again. The docker icon in the notification area has a “Go to the Dashboard” menu entry in the context menu, that actually opens the ui.
Lifesaver! 
Worked for me on 4.73.0 (226246)
Not sure if you guys still need help, but what worked for me was changing the shortcut from “C:\Program Files\Docker\Docker\frontend\Docker Desktop.exe” to “C:\Program Files\Docker\Docker\Docker Desktop.exe”.