That question doesn’t really make sense. Since Docker containers share the host kernel, and Linux kernel modules have to match the running kernel exactly, there’s almost no way you could have a valid set of modules you could dynamically load, even if you were allowed to load modules, which by default you aren’t.
(If you ran a privileged container that happened to embed modules for, say, kernel 4.4.0-22-generic, the container would only run on Ubuntu 16.04, and wouldn’t run if there was a kernel update or I changed the stock kernel or my host was Ubuntu 14.04 or my host was CentOS 7.)
You’ve looked at “apt-cache search” and packages.ubuntu.com already?