Please, share the current error message and the output of
df -h /var/lib/containerd
Also one importat question: Have you made sure the containerd folder was empty or at least really small bfore you mounted the disk? If not, your main disk is stil almost full and you just mounted the new disk over it. Then when you start a container, just some small files could fill up the main diskunder the docker data root.
Please make sure you use code blocks to format al the terminal outputs you share. More help here: https://forums.docker.com/t/how-to-format-your-forum-posts/127295#p-202628-dockerfiles-compose-files-logs-and-code-4