Based on your observation that downgrading Docker doesn’t help and restarting docker doesn’t help only restarting the docker socket, my guess would be that somehow you have another docker installation which overwrites the socket after reboot and restarting the docker.socket service restores it.
Please, run the following command before and after reboot and share the output:
ls -l /run/docker.sock
docker version
docker context ls
You could also check the output following commands (doesn’T matter when you run them)
dpkg -l | grep docker
snap list | grep docker