Only the Docker Staff could see your diagnostics data, but we are mostly community members. If you want to share your diagnostic data, you can report the issue on GitHub
I see you tried many things already, and if you managed to find all the files that could store any credentials or tokens, that should have helped. So I don’t think it will help in this case, but please, still try to run
docker logout
and try to pull images again. If it works, then try docker login again and pulling images. It usually helps, but as I wrote, it will probably not this time.
But since you menitoned you are constantly logged in in Docker Desktop, if there is an issue with your user, if you are trying to pull public images, logging out might temporary help until fixing whatever causes your issue.
You could also update Docker Desktop as the current version is 4.32.2 and if pulling images worked with the same version, I can imagine a bug that affects older, not tested versions while the recent, tested versions work. Even if that is the case, if we find out what happened or what version is affected, that could be reported to the Docker staff.