Do you need to run a image built on WINDOWS 2019 server on a windows 2019 server?

Do you need to run a image built on WINDOWS 2019 server on a windows 2019 server?

I am Building a docker image from

FROM mcr.microsoft.com/dotnet/core/aspnet:2.2-nanoserver-1809 AS base

on a Windows 2019 server

Am I only able to run that container on a WIndows 2019 server?

Yes. Windows versioning has 4 components: major, minor, build, and revision. The build number changes with a new version of Windows (i.e. 2019, 2016) and the build number of the container must match the build number of the host.
See Microsoft’s compatibility chart and more detailed information here:
Windows Container Compatibility

I don’t know what was 3 years ago when the question was asked, but you are writing about the process isolation. The documentation you linked mentions:

running with Hyper-V isolation provides the container with a set of matching Kernel binaries and does not depend on the version of the host. See the tables below for a detailed compatibility matrix.