Tls: failed to verify certificate: x509

Docker Hub
1

Hello, I’m running WSL2 on Windows10 and I have installed Docker Engine on Ubuntu (Jammy 22.0.4) following the guide on Docker site

When I try to verify that the Docker Engine installation is successful by running the hello-world image

$ sudo docker run hello-world

I received this error

Unable to find image ‘hello-world:latest’ locally
docker: Error response from daemon: Get “https://registry-1.docker.io/v2/”: tls: failed to verify certificate: x509: certificate signed by unknown authority.
See ‘docker run --help’.

And the same if I try to run other docker images, like Kafka +Zookeper

docker-compose up -d

I get

Pulling zookeeper (confluentinc/cp-zookeeper:latest)…
ERROR: Get “https://registry-1.docker.io/v2/”: tls: failed to verify certificate: x509: certificate signed by unknown authority

I have tried with my own network and with the company’s one, with and without VPN.

Could you help me? Thanks

2

How did you install the Docker Engine exactly?

What do you get when you run the following command?

curl -vvvv https://registry-1.docker.io

you can check the certificate this way:

openssl s_client -showcerts -connect registry-1.docker.io:443 </dev/null

Please use code blocks as described here: How to format your forum posts

You can also check if you have an antivirus on the host. Recently I found out that the ESET antivirus can replace the original certificates with its own cert and cause issues in command line while web browsers accept it.

1 Like
3

Hello I get the same kind of error when pulling images from the Hub:

pi@DockerPi:~ $ curl -vvvv https://registry-1.docker.io
*   Trying [2600:1f18:2148:bc00:41e1:f57f:e2e2:5e54]:443...
* Connected to registry-1.docker.io (2600:1f18:2148:bc00:41e1:f57f:e2e2:5e54) port 443 (#0)
* ALPN: offers h2,http/1.1
* TLSv1.3 (OUT), TLS handshake, Client hello (1):
*  CAfile: /etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt
*  CApath: /etc/ssl/certs
* TLSv1.3 (IN), TLS handshake, Server hello (2):
* TLSv1.3 (IN), TLS handshake, Encrypted Extensions (8):
* TLSv1.3 (IN), TLS handshake, Certificate (11):
* TLSv1.3 (IN), TLS handshake, CERT verify (15):
* TLSv1.3 (IN), TLS handshake, Finished (20):
* TLSv1.3 (OUT), TLS change cipher, Change cipher spec (1):
* TLSv1.3 (OUT), TLS handshake, Finished (20):
* SSL connection using TLSv1.3 / TLS_AES_128_GCM_SHA256
* ALPN: server did not agree on a protocol. Uses default.
* Server certificate:
*  subject: CN=*.docker.com
*  start date: Oct  2 00:00:00 2023 GMT
*  expire date: Oct 31 23:59:59 2024 GMT
*  subjectAltName: host "registry-1.docker.io" matched cert's "*.docker.io"
*  issuer: C=US; O=Amazon; CN=Amazon RSA 2048 M01
*  SSL certificate verify ok.
* using HTTP/1.x
> GET / HTTP/1.1
> Host: registry-1.docker.io
> User-Agent: curl/7.88.1
> Accept: */*
>
< HTTP/1.1 404 Not Found
< content-type: text/plain; charset=utf-8
< docker-distribution-api-version: registry/2.0
< x-content-type-options: nosniff
< date: Tue, 23 Jan 2024 19:56:11 GMT
< content-length: 19
< strict-transport-security: max-age=31536000
<
404 page not found
* Connection #0 to host registry-1.docker.io left intact
pi@DockerPi:~ $ docker pull hello-world
Using default tag: latest
Error response from daemon: Get "https://registry-1.docker.io/v2/": net/http: request canceled while waiting for connection (Client.Timeout exceeded while awaiting headers)
pi@DockerPi:~ $ openssl s_client -showcerts -connect registry-1.docker.io:443 </dev/null
CONNECTED(00000003)
depth=2 C = US, O = Amazon, CN = Amazon Root CA 1
verify return:1
depth=1 C = US, O = Amazon, CN = Amazon RSA 2048 M01
verify return:1
depth=0 CN = *.docker.com
verify return:1
---
Certificate chain
 0 s:CN = *.docker.com
   i:C = US, O = Amazon, CN = Amazon RSA 2048 M01
   a:PKEY: rsaEncryption, 2048 (bit); sigalg: RSA-SHA256
   v:NotBefore: Oct  2 00:00:00 2023 GMT; NotAfter: Oct 31 23:59:59 2024 GMT
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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dcWzAiEAugLuchDEQwSr16Svj2E8l+pJ4+D5BZQNh0gO/eyRahMAdwDatr9rP7W2
Ip+bwrtca+hwkXFsu1GEhTS9pD0wSNf7qwAAAYruxQ2dAAAEAwBIMEYCIQDkKE6U
wOUzy9chy/WtaXG5fNK3gVEYQ9neqiNC/795wAIhANsU0WCJVGQFEVA9MMM1wRyk
4APqrbYHZYdJLBrcub8MMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBCwUAA4IBAQAEpkfyiw68ZlcgDJo/
pryrEtJ5Z4pqW1yk0GEP2WJ9PXyTZicRi7U+gaahpovy89SYnMBeH3zhYT1UKp3G
PzCQNsnPD606F4Q3vlJfz7+PlycvSYEbxLbxvb53SyTw5TWOIfeSQSQrI0/hCRf2
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hxQvMIK3itct8JQqHtSKLIsJphzgMTrDCXhV1o7zv7zm5SpfvUf4G4GAHeCKyKD0
fTe8
-----END CERTIFICATE-----
 1 s:C = US, O = Amazon, CN = Amazon RSA 2048 M01
   i:C = US, O = Amazon, CN = Amazon Root CA 1
   a:PKEY: rsaEncryption, 2048 (bit); sigalg: RSA-SHA256
   v:NotBefore: Aug 23 22:21:28 2022 GMT; NotAfter: Aug 23 22:21:28 2030 GMT
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
MIIEXjCCA0agAwIBAgITB3MSOAudZoijOx7Zv5zNpo4ODzANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQsF
ADA5MQswCQYDVQQGEwJVUzEPMA0GA1UEChMGQW1hem9uMRkwFwYDVQQDExBBbWF6
b24gUm9vdCBDQSAxMB4XDTIyMDgyMzIyMjEyOFoXDTMwMDgyMzIyMjEyOFowPDEL
MAkGA1UEBhMCVVMxDzANBgNVBAoTBkFtYXpvbjEcMBoGA1UEAxMTQW1hem9uIFJT
QSAyMDQ4IE0wMTCCASIwDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEBBQADggEPADCCAQoCggEBAOtxLKnL
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epWSGA+0+fkQNpp/L4C2T7oTTsddUx7g3ZYzByDTlrwS5HRQQqEFE3O1T5tEJP4t
f+28IoXsNiEzl3UGzicYgtzj2cWCB41eJgEmJmcf2T8TzzK6a614ZPyq/w4CPAff
nAV4coz96nW3AyiE2uhuB4zQUIXvgVSycW7sbWLvj5TDXunEpNCRwC4kkZjK7rol
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kfMHVwLU7b0XwZCav0h1ogdPMN1KakK1DT0VwA/+hFvGPJnMV1Kx2G4S1ZaSk0uU
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xRRrwszrzX/WWGm6wyB+f7C4
-----END CERTIFICATE-----
 2 s:C = US, O = Amazon, CN = Amazon Root CA 1
   i:C = US, ST = Arizona, L = Scottsdale, O = "Starfield Technologies, Inc.", CN = Starfield Services Root Certificate Authority - G2
   a:PKEY: rsaEncryption, 2048 (bit); sigalg: RSA-SHA256
   v:NotBefore: May 25 12:00:00 2015 GMT; NotAfter: Dec 31 01:00:00 2037 GMT
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
MIIEkjCCA3qgAwIBAgITBn+USionzfP6wq4rAfkI7rnExjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQsF
ADCBmDELMAkGA1UEBhMCVVMxEDAOBgNVBAgTB0FyaXpvbmExEzARBgNVBAcTClNj
b3R0c2RhbGUxJTAjBgNVBAoTHFN0YXJmaWVsZCBUZWNobm9sb2dpZXMsIEluYy4x
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akcjMS9cmvqtmg5iUaQqqcT5NJ0hGA==
-----END CERTIFICATE-----
 3 s:C = US, ST = Arizona, L = Scottsdale, O = "Starfield Technologies, Inc.", CN = Starfield Services Root Certificate Authority - G2
   i:C = US, O = "Starfield Technologies, Inc.", OU = Starfield Class 2 Certification Authority
   a:PKEY: rsaEncryption, 2048 (bit); sigalg: RSA-SHA256
   v:NotBefore: Sep  2 00:00:00 2009 GMT; NotAfter: Jun 28 17:39:16 2034 GMT
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
MIIEdTCCA12gAwIBAgIJAKcOSkw0grd/MA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBCwUAMGgxCzAJBgNV
BAYTAlVTMSUwIwYDVQQKExxTdGFyZmllbGQgVGVjaG5vbG9naWVzLCBJbmMuMTIw
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l08YuW3e95ORCLp+QCztweq7dp4zBncdDQh/U90bZKuCJ/Fp1U1ervShw3WnWEQt
8jxwmKy6abaVd38PMV4s/KCHOkdp8Hlf9BRUpJVeEXgSYCfOn8J3/yNTd126/+pZ
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VsyuLAOQ1xk4meTKCRlb/weWsKh/NEnfVqn3sF/tM+2MR7cwA130A4w=
-----END CERTIFICATE-----
---
Server certificate
subject=CN = *.docker.com
issuer=C = US, O = Amazon, CN = Amazon RSA 2048 M01
---
No client certificate CA names sent
Peer signing digest: SHA256
Peer signature type: RSA-PSS
Server Temp Key: X25519, 253 bits
---
SSL handshake has read 5635 bytes and written 390 bytes
Verification: OK
---
New, TLSv1.3, Cipher is TLS_AES_128_GCM_SHA256
Server public key is 2048 bit
Secure Renegotiation IS NOT supported
Compression: NONE
Expansion: NONE
No ALPN negotiated
Early data was not sent
Verify return code: 0 (ok)
---
DONE
pi@DockerPi:~ $

I have installed docker on a raspberry pi with fixed IP address. Using OpenDNS server.
I used nmcli commands to fix the IP addres and set gateway en DNS server.
sudo apt update and sudo APT upgrade are working fine so internet connection os ok.
Any ideas?

4

How is:

The same kind of error as

???

While the first is a problem while validating the certificate chain, the second is a timeout problem.

Furthermore, the tests you did with curl do not indicate any sort of issues while validating the certificate chain.

5

Yes, in my case there was an error with the Zscaler policy applied by my company.

1 Like
6

Try to add root-ca.cer to your container. root-ca.cer take from your IT security team

7

How does one “add it to the container”?

8

I followed the below steps

Convert your root-ca.cer to .pem file using openssl

Copy and append the key of the .pem file to /etc/ssl/cert/ca-certificates.crt

Restart the container.

It worked for me!

9

Here is the detailed instruction.
If you look at the error message carefully, you can tell it is related to the root cert.
x509:certificate signed by unknown authority.

  1. When you try to pull something from docker site , (i.e. docker pull hello-world), it reaches out to docker.io
  2. Your computer (most likely Linux) first downloads the cert from the website. If you examine the cert, you can tell it is signed by Zscaler.
  3. And there is a good chance your computer (mine is Ubuntu 20.04) is missing the root cert of Zscaler. And you computer is saying “hey, docker.io! You are claiming your cert has been signed by Zscaler. But I don’t know who Zscaler is”

This is how you fix it.

  1. Run this command to list the root certs currently installed on your machine.
    sudo update-ca-certificates --fresh (Chances are you won’t see the one for Zscaler).
  2. Download Zscaler’s root cert in der format and convert it to pem (but make sure the extension is .crt. Otherwise it won’t work)
  3. Copy the crt file (in my case, I named it Zscaler.crt) to /usr/local/share/ca-certificates
  4. Run this commad again
    sudo update-ca-certificates --fresh
  5. It will read the crt file and add it to the available root cert store on your linux machine.

Try docker pull hello-world again.

  1. It will go to docker site and download its cert.
  2. Since docker site cert was signed by Zscaler, your computer will check the matching root cert of zscaler.
  3. Since your computer now has the file, it will validate the cert (that was signed by Zscaler) is legit and proceed without any errors.
1 Like
11

Thank you so much, this really worked for me.