I don’t believe this is possible, and the desire to do so may come from a misunderstanding of what Docker is (or possibly what Windows Hyper-V Server is). I believe your goal is to deploy Docker as cleanly as possible, such that all containers run as efficiently as possible. I.e. to remove as many layers as you can.
However, Docker is not an operating system. It does currently require an operating system to run. And Windows Hyper-V Server is not really an operating system either, as much as a bare metal Hyper-V host layer to run actual operating systems on.
If you need only one Windows Server or Desktop environment and only one instance of Docker (with n-number of containers), the lightest weight approach would be to install the necessary Windows OS with Docker in it (no Hyper-V involved).
If you need more than one real operating system with one or more instances of Docker, then Windows Hyper-V Server with your necessary operating systems (all as VMs) might be good… Then Docker would run under one or more of those operating systems depending on your need.
In that latter configuration, it would be normal to install a lightweight Docker-optimized OS just to handle Docker. Some options for that are described here: https://sweetcode.io/linux-distributions-optimized-hosting-docker/.