You can run ARM or Intel Docker containers on the Apple M1 Mac with Docker Desktop for Mac M1. I do it all the time. The default, of course, is to run the ARM version but if you use the --platform linux/amd64 parameter Docker will run the Intel version for you.
You can try it with one of my images that I’ve built to run Vagrant with Docker as a provider on Apple M1 Silicon:
docker run --rm -it --platform linux/amd64 rofrano/vagrant-provider:debian bash
That will drop you into a bash shell in an amd64 container.
# uname -a
Linux 694817f598fe 5.10.47-linuxkit #1 SMP PREEMPT Sat Jul 3 21:50:16 UTC 2021 x86_64 GNU/Linux
BTW, I absolutely love my M1 Mac mini for development work. It is blazing fast! I highly recommend getting one.
If you want more info on how I built that image I documented it in this article:
Developing on Apple M1 Silicon with Virtual Environments
Hope that helps.