Testcontainers 1.20.6 was released in May 2025. It does not work out of the box with Docker Engine v29, which is used by Docker Desktop since version 4.52.0.
I would put my money on: the testcontainers version used, by default uses an api version that is smaller than the min-api version 1.44 docker v29 requires by default.
You can set the api version in the docker-java.properties of your project:
Or you can modify the daemon.json to unlock an older api version: