I don’t really know anything about kamailio, but you shared very little information to help you. At the moment it seems to me you have a problem with a software that uses Docker. Mabe it should be asked on a Kamailio support channel: https://www.kamailio.org/w/support/
I’m positive is selecting the socket properly, is there any setting in the network/container side regarding using random on outbound? BTW the image does NOT exposes the 5160 port, but i understand that doesn’t matter if i’m running it in hostNetwork mode?
The code you shared seems to be a Kubernetes manifest. This is a Docker community support forum. Container images have standard format so you can download an image from Docker Hub and run it in Kubernetes, but that is still Kubernetes which has its own forum.
Regardless of what you use, host network means there is no network isolation so whatever listens in the container it will listen directly on the host’s IP addresses on a port and protocol that the application in the container is configured to use.